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宁夏的沙尘暴天气及防沙治沙的对策建议

高庆先,任阵海

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第2期   页码 16-21

摘要：

通过对宁夏地区气象台站沙尘天气历史记录的分析，给出了宁夏地区沙尘天气的空间分布规律和时间演变情况，并结合对宁夏荒漠化地区的实地考察内容，初步提出宁夏防沙治沙对策建议。

关键词： 沙尘暴     防沙治沙     对策建议     扬沙     浮尘    

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Global sources, emissions, transport and deposition of dust and sand and their effects on the climate

Feng Wang, Xueqiu Zhao, Cynthia Gerlein-Safdi, Yue Mu, Dongfang Wang, Qi Lu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0904-z

摘要： Dust and Sand Storms (DSS) originating in deserts in arid and semi-arid regions are events raising global public concern. An important component of atmospheric aerosols, dust aerosols play a key role in climatic and environmental changes at the regional and the global scale. Deserts and semi-deserts are the main source of dust and sand, but regions that undergo vegetation deterioration and desertification due to climate change and human activities also contribute significantly to DSS. Dust aerosols are mainly composed of dust particles with an average diameter of 2 m, which can be transported over thousands of kilometers. Dust aerosols influence the radiation budget of the earth-atmosphere system by scattering solar short-wave radiation and absorbing surface long-wave radiation. They can also change albedo and rainfall patterns because they can act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) or ice nuclei (IN). Dust deposition is an important source of both marine nutrients and contaminants. Dust aerosols that enter marine ecosystems after long-distance transport influence phytoplankton biomass in the oceans, and thus global climate by altering the amount of CO absorbed by phytoplankton. In addition, the carbonates carried by dust aerosols are an important source of carbon for the alkaline carbon pool, which can buffer atmospheric acidity and increase the alkalinity of seawater. DSS have both positive and negative impacts on human society: they can exert adverse impacts on human’s living environment, but can also contribute to the mitigation of global warming and the reduction of atmospheric acidity.

关键词： Dust and sand storm     Climate effects     Radiative forcing     Cloud condensation nuclei     Precipitation     Iron fertilizer    

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北京大气环境的区域特征与沙尘影响

任阵海,高庆先,苏福庆,王耀庭,张志刚,杨新兴

《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第2期   页码 49-56

摘要：

讨论了北京大气环境的区域性特征。利用网络点集确定出大气输送通道，提出了汇聚带概念，同时分析了北京地区大气污染特征，使用激光技术探测了大气气溶胶的垂直分布。研究表明北京大气环境质量与周边地区的污染源有密切的关系，认为只有进行同步治理才能有效地改善首都大气环境的质量。通过卫星监测技术和对气象流场进行分析，对我国沙尘暴现象进行了研究。指出境外沙尘源和境内沙尘源，并以2002年3月20日北京一次特强沙尘暴为例，对原始沙尘源的分布进行了解析，分析指出原始沙尘源包括春季长江以北广大的裸露土地，显示出沙尘暴起始过程是以点源群出现，然后合并为沙尘带，最后出现大面积沙尘污染。并简述了我国现代环境理念。

关键词： 沙尘暴     输送通道     环境污染     中国    

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沙尘暴监测预警服务系统一期工程建设及应注意的问题

王雪臣,程磊

《中国工程科学》 2004年 第6卷 第3期   页码 64-67

摘要：

沙尘暴是一种灾害性天气，对我国国民经济和人民生活产生了严重影响。加强沙尘暴监测预警服务工作是利国利民之举，意义深远。目前的监测预报能力尚存在不足，不能满足对沙尘暴进行定量实时监测和预报的要求。通过沙尘暴监测预警服务系统一期工程建设可以明显增强对沙尘暴的监测预警服务能力。一期工程建设主要包括监测分系统、预警服务分系统、通信传输分系统等部分。为确保该项目建设效益的发挥，该项目的建设要充分发挥现有台站的监测能力，并考虑系统功能的整体性、可拓展性和资料格式的标准化等问题。

关键词： 沙尘暴     监测预警服务系统     工程建设     拓展问题    

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Enrichment and transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through dust aerosol generation from

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1610-7

摘要：

● Compositional patterns of PAHs in dust aerosol vary from soil during dust generation.

关键词： Dust aerosols     Enrichment factors (EFs)     Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)    

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Correction to: Effect of wood dust type on mechanical properties, wear behavior, biodegradability, and

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 1071-1071 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0736-6

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城市爆破拆除的粉尘预测和降尘措施

郑炳旭,魏晓林

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第8期   页码 69-73

摘要：

提出了正态分布无边界扩散模式粉尘浓度预测法，介绍了广州体育馆爆破拆除时的降尘措施，即清理积尘、楼面蓄水、预湿墙体、屋面敷水袋、建筑外设高压管网喷水、搭设防尘排栅和直升机投水弹并产生下向风流等综合防尘技术，实施后减轻了粉尘危害。

关键词： 控爆拆除     粉尘预测和控制     高压喷水降尘     环保    

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Integrating storm surge modeling with traffic data analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of hurricane

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1301-1316 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0765-1

摘要： An integrated storm surge modeling and traffic analysis were conducted in this study to assess the effectiveness of hurricane evacuations through a case study of Hurricane Irma. The Category 5 hurricane in 2017 caused a record evacuation with an estimated 6.8 million people relocating statewide in Florida. The Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) model was applied to simulate storm tides during the hurricane event. Model validations indicated that simulated pressures, winds, and storm surge compared well with observations. Model simulated storm tides and winds were used to estimate the area affected by Hurricane Irma. Results showed that the storm surge and strong wind mainly affected coastal counties in south-west Florida. Only moderate storm tides (maximum about 2.5 m) and maximum wind speed about 115 mph were shown in both model simulations and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) post-hurricane assessment near the area of hurricane landfall. Storm surges did not rise to the 100-year flood elevation level. The maximum wind was much below the design wind speed of 150–170 mph (Category 5) as defined in Florida Building Code (FBC) for south Florida coastal areas. Compared with the total population of about 2.25 million in the six coastal counties affected by storm surge and Category 1–3 wind, the statewide evacuation of approximately 6.8 million people was found to be an over-evacuation due mainly to the uncertainty of hurricane path, which shifted from south-east to south-west Florida. The uncertainty of hurricane tracks made it difficult to predict the appropriate storm surge inundation zone for evacuation. Traffic data were used to analyze the evacuation traffic patterns. In south-east Florida, evacuation traffic started 4 days before the hurricane’s arrival. However, the hurricane path shifted and eventually landed in south-west Florida, which caused a high level of evacuation traffic in south-west Florida. Over-evacuation caused Evacuation Traffic Index (ETI) to increase to 200% above normal conditions in some sections of highways, which reduced the effectiveness of evacuation. Results from this study show that evacuation efficiency can be improved in the future by more accurate hurricane forecasting, better public awareness of real-time storm surge and wind as well as integrated storm surge and evacuation modeling for quick response to the uncertainty of hurricane forecasting.

关键词： storm surge modeling     traffic     evacuation     Hurricane Irma    

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Size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and secondary formation at Mount Heng in South Central China

Xinfeng WANG, Wenxing WANG, Likun XUE, Xiaomei GAO, Wei NIE, Yangchun YU, Yang ZHOU, Lingxiao YANG, Qingzhu ZHANG, Tao WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第6期   页码 815-826 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0503-6

摘要： To understand the size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and the factors influencing secondary aerosol formation in the upper boundary layer in South Central China, size-segregated aerosol samples were collected using a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) in spring 2009 at the summit of Mount Heng (1269 m asl), followed by subsequent laboratory analyses of 13 inorganic and organic water-soluble ions. During non-dust-storm periods, the average PM concentration was 41.8 μg·m , contributing to 55% of the PM . Sulfates, nitrates, and ammonium, the dominant ions in the fine particles, amounted to 46.8% of the PM . Compared with Mount Tai in the North China Plain, the concentrations of both fine and coarse particles and the ions contained therein were substantially lower. When the air masses from Southeast Asia prevailed, intensive biomass burning there led to elevated concentrations of sulfates, nitrates, ammonium, potassium, and chloride in the fine particles at Mount Heng. The air masses originating from the north Gobi brought heavy dust storms that resulted in the remarkable production of sulfates, ammonium, methane sulfonic acid, and oxalates in the coarse particles. Generally, the sulfates were primarily produced in the form of (NH ) SO in the droplet mode via heterogeneous aqueous reactions. Only approximately one-third of the nitrates were distributed in the fine mode, and high humidity facilitated the secondary formation of fine nitrates. The heterogeneous formation of coarse nitrates and ammonium on dry alkaline dust surfaces was found to be less efficient than that on the coarse particles during non-dust-storm periods.

关键词： aerosol water-soluble ions     size distributions     secondary formation     dust storm     Mount Heng    

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Cytokine storm and translating IL-6 biology into effective treatments for COVID-19

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1044-4

摘要： As of May 3, 2023, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in more than 760 million confirmed cases and over 6.9 million deaths. Several patients have developed pneumonia, which can deteriorate into acute respiratory distress syndrome. The primary etiology may be attributed to cytokine storm, which is triggered by the excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines and subsequently leads to immune dysregulation. Considering that high levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been detected in several highly pathogenic coronavirus-infected diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2002, the Middle East respiratory syndrome in 2012, and COVID-19, the IL-6 pathway has emerged as a key in the pathogenesis of this hyperinflammatory state. Thus, we review the history of cytokine storm and the process of targeting IL-6 signaling to elucidate the pivotal role played by tocilizumab in combating COVID-19.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2     COVID-19     cytokine storm     interleukin-6     tocilizumab    

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基于风廓线雷达技术的沙尘天气监测研究

魏文寿,王敏仲,何清

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第10期   页码 51-56

摘要：

利用塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站2010年4月11日沙尘天气风廓线雷达资料，分析了此次过程启动爆发的水平风场、垂直速度和雷达等效回波强度特征。研究表明：风廓线雷达是进行沙尘探测和监测的一种有效的高空大气遥感系统，它不仅可以捕捉到沙尘天气的开始和结束时间，而且能监测到沙尘在空中被输送的高度、厚度范围以及沙尘运动的垂直强度特征;塔克拉玛干沙漠扬沙和沙尘暴雷达等效回波强度约为-3～10 dBZ，浮尘等效回波强度约为-15～-3 dBZ;水平风垂直切变以及低空东风的维持是此次沙尘天气发生的动力成因。扬沙、沙尘暴发生时，大气垂直速度表现为上升运动，在较大水平风速及干燥下垫面的配合下，导致地面沙粒被输送到高空，形成了沙尘天气。

关键词： 风廓线雷达     沙尘天气     等效回波强度     监测    

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移动式颗粒床除尘器的设计研究

吕保和

《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第10期   页码 45-48

摘要：

分析了移动式颗粒床除尘器的特点，并与传统除尘器进行了比较。结合理论计算与实际运行试验，提出了移动式颗粒床除尘器主要结构参数及主要性能参数的设计计算方法，证明了该方法具有较好的实际应用价值。

关键词： 移动式颗粒床     除尘器     结构参数     性能参数    

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冶金行业呼吸性粉尘的喷雾净化技术研究

邹声华,李刚,李孔清

《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第11期   页码 196-199

摘要：

阐述了呼吸性粉尘的特点和危害，介绍了近年来国内外在呼吸性粉尘防治和控制方面的新技术，分 析了各种降尘技术的机理并进行了比较。结果表明：在钢铁企业呼吸性粉尘的净化研究中，采用添加湿润剂 的荷电水雾降尘技术是一种较好的治理方案。通过理论分析和试验研究，将该项技术应用于某钢铁企业的 呼吸性粉尘的净化中，取得了良好的降尘效果。

关键词： 呼吸性粉尘     湿润剂     超声雾化     磁化水     荷电水雾     降尘效果    

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Numerical simulations of morphological changes in barrier islands induced by storm surges and waves using

Soumendra Nath KUIRY, Yan DING, Sam S Y WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 57-68 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0235-0

摘要： In this paper, an advanced explicit finite volume flow model in two-dimensions is presented for simulating supercritical coastal flows and morphological changes in a tidal/coastal inlet and barrier islands due to storm surges and waves. This flow model is coupled with existing wave-action model and sediment transport model. The resulting integrated coastal process model is capable of simulating flows induced by extreme conditions such as waves, surge tides, river flood flows, etc., and morphological changes induced by rapid coastal currents and waves. This developed supercritical flow model is based on the solution of the conservative form of the nonlinear shallow water equations with the effects of the Coriolis force, uneven bathymetry, wind stress, and wave radiation stresses. The forward Euler scheme is used for the unsteady term; and the convective term is discretized using the Godunov-type shock-capturing scheme along with the HLL Riemann solver on non-uniform rectilinear grids. The accuracy of the developed model is investigated by solving an experimental dam-break test case. Barrier island breaching, overflow and overwash due to severe storm attack are simulated and the predicted morphological changes associated to the events are analyzed to investigate the applicability of the model in a coast where all the physical forces are present.

关键词： coastal inlet     coastal process modeling     supercritical flow     sediment transport     barrier islands    

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Critical flow-storm approach to total maximum daily load (TMDL) development: an analytical conceptual

Zhang Harry, Yu Shaw

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 267-273 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0058-0

摘要： One of the key challenges in the total maximum daily load (TMDL) development process is how to define the critical condition for a receiving waterbody. The main concern in using a continuous simulation approach is the absence of any guarantee that the most critical condition will be captured during the selected representative hydrologic period, given the scarcity of long-term continuous data. The objectives of this paper are to clearly address the critical condition in the TMDL development process and to compare continuous and event-based approaches in defining critical condition during TMDL development for a waterbody impacted by both point and nonpoint source pollution. A practical, event-based critical flow-storm (CFS) approach was developed to explicitly addresses the critical condition as a combination of a low stream flow and a storm event of a selected magnitude, both having certain frequencies of occurrence. This paper illustrated the CFS concept and provided its theoretical basis using a derived analytical conceptual model. The CFS approach clearly defined a critical condition, obtained reasonable results and could be considered as an alternative method in TMDL development.

关键词： representative hydrologic     occurrence     simulation approach     scarcity     alternative    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

宁夏的沙尘暴天气及防沙治沙的对策建议

高庆先,任阵海

期刊论文

Global sources, emissions, transport and deposition of dust and sand and their effects on the climate

Feng Wang, Xueqiu Zhao, Cynthia Gerlein-Safdi, Yue Mu, Dongfang Wang, Qi Lu

期刊论文

北京大气环境的区域特征与沙尘影响

任阵海,高庆先,苏福庆,王耀庭,张志刚,杨新兴

期刊论文

沙尘暴监测预警服务系统一期工程建设及应注意的问题

王雪臣,程磊

期刊论文

Enrichment and transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through dust aerosol generation from

期刊论文

Correction to: Effect of wood dust type on mechanical properties, wear behavior, biodegradability, and

期刊论文

城市爆破拆除的粉尘预测和降尘措施

郑炳旭,魏晓林

期刊论文

Integrating storm surge modeling with traffic data analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of hurricane

期刊论文

Size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and secondary formation at Mount Heng in South Central China

Xinfeng WANG, Wenxing WANG, Likun XUE, Xiaomei GAO, Wei NIE, Yangchun YU, Yang ZHOU, Lingxiao YANG, Qingzhu ZHANG, Tao WANG

期刊论文

Cytokine storm and translating IL-6 biology into effective treatments for COVID-19

期刊论文

基于风廓线雷达技术的沙尘天气监测研究

魏文寿,王敏仲,何清

期刊论文

移动式颗粒床除尘器的设计研究

吕保和

期刊论文

冶金行业呼吸性粉尘的喷雾净化技术研究

邹声华,李刚,李孔清

期刊论文

Numerical simulations of morphological changes in barrier islands induced by storm surges and waves using

Soumendra Nath KUIRY, Yan DING, Sam S Y WANG

期刊论文

Critical flow-storm approach to total maximum daily load (TMDL) development: an analytical conceptual

Zhang Harry, Yu Shaw

期刊论文